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Ngokusisiseko, inkqubo yokusabela yazo zonke iicarbohydrates ezidityaniswe nguFischer ngealkyl glycosides zinokuncitshiswa zibe ziinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ezizezi, ukudibanisa ngqo kunye ne-transacetalization.Kuzo zombini iimeko, ukusabela kunokuqhubeka kwiibhetshi okanye ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngaphantsi kokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo, i-carbohydrate isabela ngokuthe ngqo kunye notywala obunamafutha ukwenza i-alkyl polyglycoside efunekayo ye-long-chain chain.I-carbohydrate esetyenzisiweyo isoloko yomiswa phambi kwempendulo eyiyo (umzekelo ukususa i-crystal-water kwimeko ye-glucose monohydrate=dextrose).Eli nyathelo lokomisa linciphisa ukusabela okusecaleni okwenzekayo xa kukho amanzi.
Ngokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo, uhlobo lweglucose eqinileyo lusetyenziswa njengenxalenye ecolekileyo eqinileyo.Ukusukela ukusabela kukusabela okungalinganiyo okuqinileyo/ulwelo, okuqinileyo kufuneka kunqunyanyiswe ngokupheleleyo etywaleni.
Isiraphu yeglucose eyehliswe kakhulu (DE>96; DE=Dextrose equivalents) inokusabela kwidizayini echanekileyo elungisiweyo.ukusetyenziswa kwe-solvent yesibini kunye / okanye i-emulsifiers (umzekelo i-alkyl polyglycoside) ibonelela ngokuchithwa kwe-stable fine-droplet phakathi kotywala kunye nesiraphu yeglucose.
Inkqubo ye-transacetalization yamanqanaba amabini ifuna izixhobo ezininzi kune-synthesis ngqo.Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-carbohydrate isabela ngotywala obufutshane (umzekelo i-n-butanol okanye i-propylene glycol) kunye ne-optional deploy-menzes.Kwinqanaba lesibini, i-alkyl glycoside ye-short-chain i-transacetalized kunye ne-alcohol ene-chain ende ukuze yenze i-alkyl polyglycoside efunekayo.Ukuba i-molar ratio ye-carbohydrate kwi-alcohol iyafana, ukuhanjiswa kwe-oligomer efunyenwe kwinkqubo ye-transacetalization ngokusisiseko kufana naleyo ifunyenwe kwi-synthesis ngqo.
Ukuba i-oligo-kunye ne-polyglycoses (umzekelo istatshi, iisyrups ezinexabiso eliphantsi le-DE) ziyasetyenziswa, inkqubo ye-transacetalization isetyenziswa.Ukuchithwa okuyimfuneko kwezi zixhobo zokuqalisa kufuna amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-140℃.Isekelwe kutywala obusetyenzisiweyo, oku kunokudala uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokuhambelanayo olubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kwisixhobo kwaye kunokukhokelela kwindleko ephezulu yezityalo.Ngokubanzi, kumthamo ofanayo, inkqubo ye-transacetalization yemveliso ixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-synthesis ngqo.ukongeza kwizigaba ezimbini zokusabela, izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo zokugcina kufuneka zibonelelwe, kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezikhethiweyo zotywala obufutshane.Ngenxa yokungcola okukhethekileyo kwi-starch (ezifana neeprotheni), i-alkyl glycosides kufuneka ihlanjululwe okongeziweyo okanye okucokisekileyo.Kwinkqubo ye-transacetalization elula, i-syrups enomxholo ophezulu we-glucose (DE> 96%) okanye iintlobo ze-glucose eziqinileyo zingasabela kunye ne-alcohol-chain-chain chain phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ziyaqhubeka ziphuhlisiwe kwesi siseko.(Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa zombini iindlela zokwenziwa kwealkyl polyglycosides)
Umfanekiso 3. Alkyl polyglycoside surfactants-industrial synthesis pathways


Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-29-2020