Iinkqubo ze-Transglycosidation zisebenzisa i-D-glucose njengento ekrwada.

I-Fischer glycosidation yeyona ndlela yodwa yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali eyenze ukuba kuphuhliswe izisombululo zanamhlanje zezoqoqosho kunye nezobuchwephesha ezigqibeleleyo zokuveliswa kwealkyl polyglucosides. Izityalo zemveliso ezinamandla angaphezu kwama-20,000 t/ngonyaka sele ziphunyeziwe kwaye zandisa uluhlu lweemveliso zeshishini le-surfactants ngee-arhente ezisebenza phezulu ezisekwe kwimathiriyeli ehlaziywayo ekrwada. I-D-Glucose kunye ne-linear C8-C16 i-alcohols enamafutha abonakaliswe njengezona zixhobo zokutya ezikhethiweyo. Ezi educts zinokuguqulwa zibe yi-alkyl polyglycosides esebenzayo kwi-surface-active alkyl polyglycosides ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Fischer glycosylation okanye nge-transglycosides yamanyathelo amabini e-butyl polyglycoside phambi kwe-catalyst ye-asidi, ngamanzi njengemveliso. Amanzi kufuneka ahlanjululwe kumxube wokusabela ukutshintsha ukulingana kweempendulo kwimveliso efunekayo. Kwinkqubo ye-glycosylation, i-inhomogeneities kumxube wokuphendula kufuneka igwenywe ngenxa yokuba ingakhokelela ekubunjweni ngokugqithiseleyo kwento ebizwa ngokuba yi-polydextrose, engathandeki kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ezininzi izicwangciso zobugcisa zijolise kwi-homogenous educts i-n-glucose kunye notywala, okunzima ukuxutywa ngenxa ye-polarities yabo eyahlukileyo. Ngexesha lokusabela, iibhondi ze-glycosidic zenziwe zombini phakathi kotywala obunamafutha kunye ne-n-glucose kunye naphakathi kweeyunithi ze-n-glucose ngokwazo. IAlkyl polyglucosides ke ngoko zenza imixube yamaqhezu anamanani ahlukeneyo eeyunithi zeglucose kwintsalela yealkyl yomxokelelwane omde. Ngalinye lala maqhezu, ngokulandelayo, lenziwe ngezinto ezininzi ze-isomeri, kuba iiyunithi ze-n-glucose zithatha iifom ezahlukeneyo ze-anomeric kunye neefom zeringi kumlinganiso weekhemikhali ngexesha le-Fischer glycosidation kunye nokunxibelelana kwe-glycosidic phakathi kweeyunithi ze-D-glucose zenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi ezinokubakho zokuhlangana. . Umlinganiselo we-anomer we-D-glucose units malunga ne-α / β＝ 2: 1 kwaye kubonakala kunzima ukuchaphazela phantsi kweemeko ezichazwe kwi-Fischer synthesis. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa nge-thermodynamically, iiyunithi ze-n-glucose eziqulethwe kumxube wemveliso zikhona kakhulu ngendlela yeepyranosides. Inani eliqhelekileyo leeyunithi ze-glucose eziqhelekileyo kwi-alkyl residue, ebizwa ngokuba yi-degree of polymerization, ngokusisiseko ngumsebenzi we-molar ratio ye-educts ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezimangalisayo ze-surfactant, i-alkyl polyglycosides eneqondo le-polymerization phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-3 ikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo, ngenxa yoko malunga ne-3-10 i-moles ye-alcohols ezinamafutha kufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-mole ye-glucose eqhelekileyo kule ndlela.

Iqondo lepolymerization liyehla ngokunyuka okugqithisileyo kotywala obunamafutha. I-alcohol enamafutha agqithisiweyo iyahlulwa kwaye ibuyiselwe ngeendlela ze-multistep vacuum distillation iinkqubo kunye ne-evaporators yefilimu ewelayo, eyenza kube lula ukugcina uxinzelelo lwe-thermal ubuncinane. Ubushushu bomphunga kufuneka buphakame ngokwaneleyo kwaye ixesha lokunxibelelana kwindawo eshushu libe lide ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyibilika okwaneleyo kotywala obunamafutha kunye nokuhamba kwe-alkyl polyglucoside kunyibilika, ngaphandle kokwenzeka kwazo naziphi na iintshukumo zokubola. Uthotho lwamanyathelo okuba ngumphunga angasetyenziswa ngokuncomekayo ukwahlula amaqhezu okuqala abilayo, emva koko elona nani liphambili lotywala obunamafutha, kwaye ekugqibeleni utywala obunamafutha aseleyo de ialkyl polyglucoside inyibilike ifunyenwe njengeentsalela ezinyibilikayo emanzini.

Kwanaxa ukudityaniswa kunye nokuphuma komphunga kotywala obunamafutha kwenziwa phantsi kwezona meko zithambileyo, ukuguquka kombala omdaka okungafunekiyo kwenzeka, kubizelwa iinkqubo zokucoca ukucokisa iimveliso. Enye indlela yokuthambisa ethe yabonakala ifanelekile kukongeza iioksijini ezifana nehydrogen peroxide kumalungiselelo amanzi ealkyl polyglucosides kwindawo yealkaline phambi kwee-ion zemagnesium.

Uphando oluninzi kunye nokwahluka okuthe kwasetyenziswa ngexesha lokudityaniswa, ukusetyenzwa, kunye nokusulungekiswa kubonisa ukuba nanamhlanje azikabikho izisombululo "zezitshixo" ezisebenzayo zokufumana amabakala athile emveliso. Ngokuchasene noko, onke amanyathelo enkqubo kufuneka asetyenziselwe, alungelelaniswe ngokufanayo, kwaye aphuculwe. Esi sahluko sinikeze iingcebiso kwaye sichaze ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho zokuyila izisombululo zobugcisa, kunye nokuchaza iimeko eziqhelekileyo zeekhemikhali kunye nemizimba yokuqhuba ukuphendula, ukuhlukana kunye nokucoca iinkqubo.

Zontathu iinkqubo eziphambili - i-homogeneous transglycosidation, inkqubo ye-slurry, kunye ne-glucose feed technique-inokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko zemizi-mveliso. Ngexesha le-transglycosidation, ukuxinwa kwe-polyglucoside ye-butyl ephakathi, esebenza njenge-solubilizer ye-educts i-D-glucose kunye ne-butanol, kufuneka igcinwe malunga ne-15% kumxube wokuphendula ukuze ugweme i-inhomogeneities. Ngenjongo efanayo, ugxininiso lwamanzi kumxube wokuphendula oqeshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Fischer synthesis ye-alkyl polyglucosides kufuneka igcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-1%. Kwimixholo yamanzi ephezulu kukho umngcipheko wokuguqula i-crystalline D-glucose enqunyanyisiweyo ibe yi-tacky mass, enokuthi emva koko ibe nesiphumo esibi sokusetyenzwa kunye ne-polymerization egqithisileyo. Ukuvuselela okusebenzayo kunye ne-homogenization kukhuthaza ukusabalalisa okulungileyo kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwe-crystalline D-glucose kumxube wokuphendula.

Zombini izinto zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa indlela yokudibanisa kunye neentlobo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Iinkqubo ze-Homogeneous transglycosidation ezisekwe kwi-D-glucose syrups zibonakala zithandeka ngokukodwa kwimveliso eqhubekayo kwinqanaba elikhulu. Bavumela ukugcinwa okusisigxina kwi-crystallization ye-D-glucose ekrwada kwikhonkco yexabiso elongeziweyo, elingaphezulu kokuhlawula utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwexesha elilodwa kwisinyathelo se-transglycosidation kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-butanol. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-n-butanol akuvezi nto yimbi, kuba inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuze ugxininiso olushiyekileyo kwiimveliso zokugqibela ezifunyenweyo zibe ngamalungu ambalwa kwisigidi ngasinye, anokuthi athatyathwe njengokungagxekiyo. I-Fischer glycosidation ethe ngqo ngokwenkqubo ye-slurry okanye ubuchule bokutyisa i-glucose ihambisa inyathelo le-transglycosidation kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-butanol. Isenokwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ifuna inkcitho yemali ephantsi kancinane.

Ubukho bexesha elizayo kunye namaxabiso efosili kunye nemathiriyeli ehlaziywayo ekrwada, kunye nenkqubela phambili yobugcisa kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-alkyl polyglucosides, kunokulindeleka ukuba kube nefuthe eliqinisekileyo kuphuhliso lomthamo wemarike yamva kunye namandla emveliso. Izisombululo zobugcisa ezisebenzayo esele zikhona kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-alkyl polyglucosides zinokunika ukhuphiswano olubalulekileyo kwimakethi ye-surfactants kwiinkampani eziphuhlise okanye esele zisebenzisa ezo nkqubo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kukho amaxabiso aphezulu e-oli ekrwada kunye namaxabiso aphantsi eecereal. Kuba iindleko ezimiselweyo zokwenziwa kwemveliso ngokuqinisekileyo zikwinqanaba lesintu kuninzi lwabenzi bemveliso kwimizi-mveliso, nokuthotywa okuncinci kwexabiso lezinto ezikrwada zemveli kunokukhuthaza ukutshintshwa kweemveliso ze-surfactants kwaye kunokukhuthaza ngokucacileyo ukufakelwa kwezityalo ezitsha zemveliso ye-alkyl polyglucosides.