Iipropati ze-Alkyl Polyglucosides

Ifana ne-polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,i-alkyl polyglycosideszidla ngokuba zii-technical surfactants. Ziveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-Fischer synthesis kwaye ziquka ukuhanjiswa kweentlobo ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo e-glycosidation ebonakaliswe ngexabiso eliphakathi kwe-n. Oku kuchazwa njengomlinganiselo wenani elipheleleyo le-molar ye-glucose ukuya kwisixa se-molar yotywala obunamafutha kwi-alkyl polyglucoside, kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-avareji ye-molecular weight xa kusetyenziswa imixube yotywala obunamafutha. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe uninzi lwee-alkyl polyglucosides zokubaluleka kwisicelo zinexabiso eliphakathi kwe-n-1.1-1.7. Ke, ziqulethe i-alkyl monoglucosides kunye ne-alkyl diglucosides njengezona zinto ziphambili, kunye nezixa ezincinci ze-alkyl triglucosides, i-alkyl tetraglucosides, njl.njl ukuya kuthi ga kwi-alkyl octaglucosides ngaphandle kwe-oligomers, amanani amancinci (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1-2%) yee-alcohols ezinamafutha asetyenziswa i-polyglucose synthesis, kunye neetyuwa, ngokukodwa ngenxa ye-catalysis (1.5-2.5%), zihlala zikhona. Amanani abalwa ngokubhekiselele kwinto esebenzayo. Ngelixa i-polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers okanye ezinye ii-ethoxylates ezininzi zinokuchazwa ngokucacileyo ngokusasazwa kobunzima bemolekyuli, inkcazo yesifaniso ayonelanga kwaphela kwi-alkyl polyglucosides kuba i-isomerism eyahlukileyo ikhokelela kuluhlu oluntsonkothe ​​kakhulu lweemveliso. Umahluko kwiiklasi ezimbini ze-surfactant kubangela iimpawu ezahlukileyo ukusuka kwintsebenziswano enamandla yamaqela eentloko kunye namanzi kunye nenxalenye enye kwenye.

Iqela le-ethoxylate le-polyoxyethylene alkyl ether lisebenzisana kakhulu namanzi, lenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen phakathi kwe-ethylene oksijini kunye neamolekyuli zamanzi, ngoko ke ukwakha amagobolondo e-micellar hydration apho ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kukhulu (i-entropy ephantsi kunye ne-enthalpy) kunamanzi amaninzi. Ubume be-hydration bunamandla kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwee-athomu ezimbini kunye nezintathu zamanzi zidibene neqela ngalinye le-EO.

Ukuqwalasela iintloko ze-glucosyl ezinemisebenzi emithathu ye-OH ye-monoglucoside okanye ezisixhenxe ze-diglucoside, ukuziphatha kwe-alkyl glucoside kulindeleke ukuba kwahluke kakhulu kwi-polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers. Ngaphandle konxibelelwano oluqinileyo namanzi, kukwakho amandla phakathi kwamaqela eentloko ze-surfactant kwiimicelles kunye nakwezinye izigaba. Nangona i-polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers enokuthelekiseka iyodwa ilulwelo okanye izinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikayo ezisezantsi, ii-alkyl polyglucosides ziziqina ezinyibilikayo eziphezulu ngenxa ye-intermolecular hydrogen bonding phakathi kwamaqela asebumelwaneni eglucosyl. Babonisa iipropathi ezahlukeneyo zekristale yolwelo lwe-thermotropic, njengoko kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Iibhondi ze-hydrogen ze-Intermolecular phakathi kwamaqela eentloko nazo zinoxanduva lokunyibilika kwazo okuphantsi ngokuthelekisayo emanzini.

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-glucose ngokwayo, ukusebenzisana kweqela le-glucosyl kunye neemolekyuli zamanzi ezijikelezileyo ngenxa yokubambisana okukhulu kwe-hydrogen. Kwi-glucose, i-concentration yeemolekyuli zamanzi ezicwangcisiweyo ze-tetrahedral ziphezulu kunamanzi kuphela. Ke, i-glucose, kwaye mhlawumbi kunye ne-alkyl glucosides, inokuhlelwa "njengomenzi wesakhiwo," isimilo esifana neso se-ethoxylates.

Xa kuthelekiswa nokuziphatha kwe-ethoxylate micelle, i-interfacial interfacial dielectric constant constant yealkyl glucoside iphezulu kakhulu kwaye iyafana naleyo yamanzi kune-ethoxylate. Ngaloo ndlela, ummandla ojikeleze amaqela eentloko kwi-alkyl glucoside micelle ifana ne-aqueous-like.