IINDLELA ZOKUVELA II-ALKYL GLUCOSIDE

I-Fischer glycosidation yeyona ndlela yodwa yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali eyenze ukuba kuphuhliswe izisombululo zanamhlanje zezoqoqosho kunye nezobuchwephesha ezigqibeleleyo zokuveliswa kwealkyl polyglucosides. Izityalo zemveliso ezinamandla angaphezu kwama-20,000 t/ngonyaka sele ziphunyeziwe kwaye zandisa uluhlu lweemveliso zeshishini le-surfactants ngee-arhente ezisebenza phezulu ezisekwe kwimathiriyeli ehlaziywayo ekrwada. I-D-Glucose kunye ne-linear C8-C16 i-alcohols enamafutha abonakaliswe njengezona zixhobo zokutya ezikhethiweyo. Le mibhobho ingatshintshwa ibe yi-alkyl polyglucosides esebenzayo kumphezulu ngokusebenzisa ngqo i-Fischer glycosidation okanye i-transglycosidation enamanyathelo amabini nge-butyl polyglucoside phambi kwee-catalysts ze-asidi, ngamanzi njengemveliso ephumayo. Amanzi kufuneka adilwe ukusuka kumxube wokusabela ukuze kutshintshelwe ukulingana kokusabela kwiimveliso ezifunwayo. Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-glycosidation, i-inhomogeneities kumxube wokuphendula kufuneka igwenywe, njengoko ikhokelela ekubunjweni ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-polyglucosides, engathandekiyo kakhulu. Amaqhinga amaninzi obugcisa ke ngoko agxininise kwi-homogenizing i-educts i-n-glucose kunye ne-alcohol, ezingaxutywanga kakuhle ngenxa yokungafani kwazo kwi-polarity. Ngexesha lokusabela, iibhondi ze-glycosidic zenziwe zombini phakathi kotywala obunamafutha kunye ne-n-glucose kunye naphakathi kweeyunithi ze-n-glucose ngokwazo. IAlkyl polyglucosides ke ngoko zenza imixube yamaqhezu anamanani ahlukeneyo eeyunithi zeglucose kwintsalela yealkyl yomxokelelwane omde. Ngalinye lala maqhezu, ngokulandelayo, lenziwe ngezinto ezininzi ze-isomeri, kuba iiyunithi ze-n-glucose zithatha iifom ezahlukeneyo ze-anomeric kunye neefom zeringi kumlinganiso weekhemikhali ngexesha le-Fischer glycosidation kunye nokunxibelelana kwe-glycosidic phakathi kweeyunithi ze-D-glucose zenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi ezinokubakho zokuhlangana. . Umlinganiselo we-anomer we-D-glucose units malunga ne-α / β＝ 2: 1 kwaye kubonakala kunzima ukuchaphazela phantsi kweemeko ezichazwe kwi-Fischer synthesis. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa nge-thermodynamically, iiyunithi ze-n-glucose eziqulethwe kumxube wemveliso zikhona kakhulu ngendlela yeepyranosides. Inani eliqhelekileyo leeyunithi ze-n-glucose kwi-residu ye-alkyl, ebizwa ngokuba yi-degree of polymerization, ngokuyisiseko ngumsebenzi we-molar ratio ye-educts ngexesha lokwenziwa. Ngenxa yokuchazwa kwe-surfactant efanelekileyo[1], ukhetho olukhethekileyo lunikezelwa kwi-alkyl polyglucosides enedigri zepolymerization phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-3, apho malunga ne-3-10 ye-alcohol enamafutha otywala kufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-mole ye-n-glucose kwinkqubo.

Iqondo lepolymerization liyehla njengoko utywala obuninzi obunamafutha buyanda. Ii-alcohols ezinamafutha amaninzi ziyahlukana kwaye zibuyiswe yinkqubo ye-distillation ye-multi-step vacuum kunye ne-evaporators yefilimu ewayo, ukwenzela ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lugcinwe luncinci. Ubushushu bomphunga kufuneka buphakame ngokwaneleyo kwaye ixesha lokunxibelelana kwindawo eshushu lide nje ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyibilika okwaneleyo kotywala obunamafutha kunye nokuhamba kwealkyl polyglucoside kunyibilika ngaphandle kokusabela okubalulekileyo kokubola. Uthotho lwamanyathelo okuphuphuma komphunga lunokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlula kuqala iqhekeza eliphantsi-abilayo, ngoko isixa esikhulu sotywala obunamafutha, kwaye ekugqibeleni utywala obunamafutha aseleyo, de i-alkyl polyglycoside inyibilike njengentsalela enyibilikayo emanzini.

Naphantsi kwezona meko zilula kakhulu zokudityaniswa kunye nokuphuphuma kwee-alcohols ezinamafutha, ukuguquka kombala omdaka okungafunekiyo kuya kwenzeka, kwaye iinkqubo ze-bleaching ziyafuneka ukucokisa imveliso. Enye indlela yokwenza i-bleaching ebonakalise ukuba ifanelekile kukongeza i-agent e-oxidizing, efana ne-hydrogen peroxide, kwi-formulation ye-alkyl polyglycoside emanzi kwindawo ye-alkaline phambi kwee-ion ze-magnesium.

Izifundo ezininzi kunye nokwahluka okusetyenziswe kwi-synthesis, emva kokulungiswa kunye nenkqubo yokusulungekiswa ziqinisekisa ukuba nanamhlanje, akukabikho isisombululo se "turnkey" esisebenzayo sokufumana ibakala elithile lemveliso. Ngokuchasene noko, onke amanyathelo enkqubo kufuneka aqulunqwe. I-Dongfu inikezela ngeengcebiso zoyilo lwesisombululo kunye nezisombululo zobugcisa, kwaye ichaza iimeko zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba zokuphendula, ukwahlukana kunye nenkqubo yokucoca.

Zontathu iinkqubo eziphambili - i-homogeneous transglycosidation, inkqubo ye-slurry, kunye ne-glucose feed technique-inokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko zemizi-mveliso. Ngexesha le-transglycosidation, ukuxinwa kwe-polyglucoside ye-butyl ephakathi, esebenza njenge-solubilizer ye-educts i-D-glucose kunye ne-butanol, kufuneka igcinwe malunga ne-15% kumxube wokuphendula ukuze ugweme i-inhomogeneities. Ngenjongo efanayo, ugxininiso lwamanzi kumxube wokuphendula oqeshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Fischer synthesis ye-alkyl polyglucosides kufuneka igcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-1%. Kwimixholo yamanzi ephezulu kukho umngcipheko wokuguqula i-crystalline D-glucose enqunyanyisiweyo ibe yi-tacky mass, enokuthi emva koko ibe nesiphumo esibi sokusetyenzwa kunye ne-polymerization egqithisileyo. Ukuvuselela okusebenzayo kunye ne-homogenization kukhuthaza ukusabalalisa okulungileyo kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwe-crystalline D-glucose kumxube wokuphendula.

Zombini izinto zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa indlela yokudibanisa kunye neentlobo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Iinkqubo ze-Homogeneous transglycosidation ezisekwe kwi-D-glucose syrups zibonakala zithandeka ngokukodwa kwimveliso eqhubekayo kwinqanaba elikhulu. Bavumela ukugcinwa okusisigxina kwi-crystallization ye-D-glucose ekrwada kwikhonkco yexabiso elongeziweyo, elingaphezulu kokuhlawula utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwexesha elilodwa kwisinyathelo se-transglycosidation kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-butanol. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-n-butanol akuvezi nto yimbi, kuba inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuze ugxininiso olushiyekileyo kwiimveliso zokugqibela ezifunyenweyo zibe ngamalungu ambalwa kwisigidi ngasinye, anokuthi athatyathwe njengokungagxekiyo. I-Fischer glycosidation ethe ngqo ngokwenkqubo ye-slurry okanye ubuchule bokutyisa i-glucose ihambisa inyathelo le-transglycosidation kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-butanol. Isenokwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ifuna inkcitho yemali ephantsi kancinane.

Kwixesha elizayo, unikezelo kunye nexabiso lefosili kunye nemathiriyeli ehlaziywayo ekrwada, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ekuvelisweni kwe-alkyl polysaccharides, iya kuba nefuthe eliqinisekileyo kumthamo wentengiso kunye namandla emveliso yophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa. Isiseko se-polysaccharide sele sinezisombululo zayo zobugcisa ezinokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokukhuphisana kwimarike yonyango engaphezulu kwiinkampani eziphuhlisayo okanye ezamkele iinkqubo ezinjalo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa amaxabiso aphezulu kwaye ephantsi. Iindleko zokwenziwa kwe-ejenti yokuvelisa ziye zanyuka ukuya kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, nokuba ixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza zendawo lihla kancinci, linokulungisa izinto ezithatha indawo ye-surfactants kwaye inokukhuthaza ukufakwa kwezityalo ezintsha ze-alkyl polysaccharide.