Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulungiselela i-alkyl polyglycosides okanye i-alkyl polyglucosides imixube. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa zisuka kwiindlela zokwenziwa zestereotactic zisebenzisa amaqela akhuselayo (ukwenza iikhompawundi zikhethe kakhulu) ukuya kwiindlela ezingakhethiyo zokwenziwa (ukuxuba isomers kunye neoligomers).
Nayiphi na inkqubo yokuvelisa efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba loshishino kufuneka ihlangabezane neendlela ezininzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvelisa iimveliso ezineepropati ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zezoqoqosho. Kukho eminye imiba, njengokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye inkcitho kunye nokukhutshwayo. Itekhnoloji esetyenziswayo kufuneka iguquguquke ukuze ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye neempawu zomgangatho zilungelelaniswe neemfuno zentengiso.
Kwimveliso yemveliso ye-alkyl polyglycosides, inkqubo esekelwe kwi-Fischer synthesis iphumelele. Uphuhliso lwabo lwaqala malunga ne-20years eyadlulayo kwaye luye lwakhula ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Uphuhliso ngeli xesha luvumele indlela yokudibanisa ukuba isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ekugqibeleni ibe nomtsalane kwizicelo zamashishini. Umsebenzi wokuphucula, ngakumbi ekusebenziseni ii-alcohol ezinde ezinje nge-dodecanol/tetradecanol
(C12-14 -OH), baye baphucula kakhulu umgangatho wemveliso kunye noqoqosho lwenkqubo. Isiseko seplanti yemveliso yanamhlanje kwiFischer Synthesis sisimbonakaliso senkunkuma ephantsi, itekhnoloji yokukhupha iqanda. Enye inzuzo ye-Fischer synthesis kukuba umyinge we-polymerization yeemveliso unokulawulwa kuluhlu olubanzi lokuchaneka. Ngoko ke, iipropati ezinxulumeneyo, ezifana ne-hydrophilicity / water-solubility, zinokuhlengahlengiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Ukongeza, isiseko sezinto eziluhlaza asisachatshazelwa yi-glucose ye-anhydrous.
1. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokuvelisa i-alkyl polyglycosides
1.1 Utywala obunamafutha
Utywala obunamafutha bunokufumaneka kwi-petrochemical feedstocks (synthetic fatty alcohols) okanye kwimithombo yendalo, enokuhlaziywa njengamafutha kunye namafutha (i-alcohols ezinamafutha endalo). Imixube yotywala obunamafutha isetyenziswa kwi-synthesis ye-alkyl glycosides ukuseka inxalenye ye-hydrophobic ye-molecule. I-alcohols ezityebileyo zendalo zifunyenwe nge-transesteration kunye nokwahlulwa kwamafutha kunye negrisi (i-triglyceride) ukwenza i-fatty acid ehambelana ne-methyl ester, kunye ne-hydrogenated. Ngokuxhomekeke kubude be-alkyl chain chain alkyl efunekayo, izithako eziphambili ziyi-oyile kunye namafutha: i-coconut okanye ioli ye-palm kernel kwi-series ye-C12-14, kunye ne-tallow, i-palm okanye i-rapeseed oil kwi-C16-18 i-alcohols e-fatty.
1.2 Umthombo weCarbohydrate
Inxalenye ye-hydrophilic ye-alkyl polyglycoside molekyuli ithathwe kwi-carbohydrate.
Macromolecular carbohydrates kunye monomer carbohydrates zisekelwe istatshi ye
ingqolowa, ingqolowa okanye iitapile kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza ukulungiselela i-alkyl glycosides. Ngokomzekelo, i-polymer carbohydrates ibandakanya amanqanaba aphantsi okunciphisa isitashi okanye isiraphu ye-glucose, ngelixa i-monomer carbohydrates ingaba naluphi na uhlobo lwe-glucose, njenge-glucose ye-anhydrous, i-monohydrate glucose, okanye isiraphu ye-glucose ephantsi kakhulu.
Ukhetho lwempahla ekrwada aluphembeleli kuphela iindleko zempahla ekrwada, kodwa neendleko zemveliso.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza zonyuka kwi-odolo yesitatshi / i-glucose isiraphu / i-glucose monohydrate / i-glucose engenamanzi ngelixa iimfuno zezixhobo zezityalo kwaye ngoko iindleko zokuvelisa ziyancipha ngendlela efanayo. (Umfanekiso 1)