INTSHAYELELO NGE-ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDE

I-Alkyl glucosides iqulethe intsalela ye-alkyl ye-hydrophobic ephuma kwi-alcohol enamafutha kunye nesakhiwo se-hydrophilic saccharide esivela kwi-D-glucose, edityaniswe ngebhondi ye-glycosidic. Ii-alkyl glucosides zibonisa iintsalela zealkyl ezine-athom ezimalunga ne-C6-C18, njengoko zisenza uninzi lwee-surfactants ezivela kwezinye iindidi zezinto, umzekelo ii-alkyl polyglycol ethers ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Uphawu olubalaseleyo yi-hydrophilic headgroup, eyenziwa yizakhiwo ze-saccharide kunye neyunithi enye okanye ezininzi ze-glycosidically inter-linked D-glucose. Ngaphakathi kwe-organic chemistry, iiyunithi ze-D-glucose zithathwe kwi-carbohydrates, efumaneka ngokubanzi kwindalo yonke ngendlela yeeshukela okanye i-oligo kunye ne-polysaccharides. Yiyo loo nto iiyunithi ze-D-glucose zilukhetho olucacileyo lweqela le-hydrophilic le-surfactants, kuba iicarbohydrates azipheli, zinokuvuselelwa izinto ezikrwada. I-Alkyl glucosides inokumelwa ngendlela elula kunye neqhelekileyo ngefomula yazo ye-empirical.

Ukwakhiwa kweeyunithi ze-D-glucose kubonisa ii-athomu ze-carbon ezi-6. Inani leeyunithi ze-D-glucose kwi-alkyl polyglucosides ngu-n = 1 kwi-alkyl monoglucosides, n = 2 kwi-alkyl diglucosides, n = 3 kwi-alkyl triglucosides, njalo njalo. Kuncwadi, imixube ye-alkyl glucosides enamanani ahlukeneyo eeyunithi ze-D-glucose zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yi-alkyl oligoglucosides okanye i-alkyl polyglucosides. Ngelixa igama elithi "alkyl oligoglucoside" ichaneke ngokupheleleyo kulo mongo, igama elithi "alkyl polyglucoside" lidla ngokulahlekisa, kuba i-alkyl polyglucosides ye-surfactant ayifane iqulathe ngaphezulu kweeyunithi ze-D-glucose ezintlanu kwaye ayizizo iipolima. Kwiifomula ze-alkyl polyglucosides, n ichaza umndilili weeyunithi ze-D-glucose, oko kukuthi, iqondo le-polymerization n eliqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-5. 8 iiathom zekhabhoni.

Indlela ekwenziwa ngayo i-alkyl glucosides ye-surfactant, ngakumbi ukhetho lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ivumela ukwahluka okubanzi kweemveliso zokugqibela, ezinokuba ziikhemikhali ezimsulwa zealkyl glucosides okanye imixube yealkyl glucoside. Ngaphambili, imigaqo eqhelekileyo ye-nomenclature esetyenziswe kwi-carbohydrate chemistry isetyenziswe kulo mbhalo. Imixube ye-alkyl glucoside ehlala isetyenziswa njengee-surfactants zobuchwephesha idla ngokunikwa amagama angenamsebenzi anje nge “alkyl polyglucosides,” okanye “APGs.” Iingcaciso zinikwe kwisicatshulwa apho kuyimfuneko.

Ifomula yobugcisa ayivezi i-stereochemistry entsonkothileyo kunye ne-polyfunctionality yealkyl glucosides. Iintsalela zealkyl ezinomxokelelwane omde zinokuba namathambo ekhabhoni agqagqeneyo okanye anebranched, nangona iintsalela zealkyl ezigqamileyo zihlala zikhethwa. Ukuthetha ngekhemikhali, zonke iiyunithi ze-D-glucose ziyi-polyhydroxyacetals, ezihlala zihluke kwizakhiwo zazo zeringi (ephuma kwi-furan yamalungu amahlanu okanye amakhonkco e-pyran amalungu amathandathu) kunye nokucwangciswa kwe-anomeric yesakhiwo se-acetal. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iinketho ezahlukeneyo zohlobo lweebhondi ze-glycosidic phakathi kweeyunithi ze-D-glucose ze-alkyl oligosaccharides. Ngokukodwa kwintsalela ye-saccharide ye-alkyl polyglucosides, olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka lukhokelela kwizinto ezininzi, ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukutyunjwa kwezi zinto kube nzima ngakumbi.