2.2 Utywala obunamafutha kunye ne-alkoxylate sulfate yayo
Utywala obunamafutha kunye ne-alkoxylate sulfate yiklasi ye-sulfate ester surfactants elungiswe yi-sulfation reaction ye-alcohol hydroxyl group kunye ne-sulfur trioxide. Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zinamafutha e-alcohol sulfate kunye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxygen Vinyl ether sulfate kunye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, njl.

2.2.1 Isulfate yotywala obunamafutha
I-Fatty Alcohol Sulfate (AS) luhlobo lwemveliso efunyenwe kutywala obunamafutha nge-SO3 sulfation kunye ne-neutralization reaction. Utywala obunamafutha asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-coco C12-14. Imveliso idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-K12. Izinto eziphambili ezisebenzayo kwimarike yi-28% ~ 30% yeemveliso zolwelo kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo zingaphezulu kwe-90% yeemveliso zomgubo. Njenge-anionic surfactant esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, i-K12 inee-aplikeshini kwintlama yamazinyo, izicoci, izixhobo zokwakha zegypsum kunye ne-biomedicine.

2.2.2 Utywala obunamafutha polyoxyethylene ether sulfate
I-Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) luhlobo lwe-surfactant efunyenwe kwi-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (i-EO idla ngokuba yi-1~3) nge-SO3 sulfation kunye ne-neutralization. Okwangoku, imveliso kwimarike yasekhaya ineendlela ezimbini: i-paste enomxholo malunga ne-70% kunye ne-liquid enomxholo malunga ne-28%.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-AS, ukuqaliswa kweqela le-EO kwi-molecule yenza i-AES iphuculwe kakhulu malunga nokuchasana namanzi anzima kunye nokucaphuka. I-AES inosulelo olulungileyo, i-emulsification, ukumanzisa kunye neempawu zogwebu, kwaye kulula ukubola. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuhlanjweni kwendlu kunye nokunyamekela komntu. Ityuwa ye-AES ammonium inokulusuko oluncinci, kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwezinye iishampu zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuhlamba umzimba.

2.2.3 Utywala obunamafutha polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether sulfate
Utywala obunamafutha polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, ekwaziwa njenge Extended acid salt surfactant, luhlobo lwesurfactant olufundwe kumazwe aphesheya ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. I-surfactant eyandisiweyo ibhekisa kuhlobo lwe-surfactant elazisa amaqela e-PO okanye e-PO-EO phakathi kwekhonkco lomsila we-hydrophobic kunye neqela lentloko ye-hydrophilic ye-ionic surfactant. Ingcamango ethi "Eyongeziweyo" yaphakanyiswa nguDkt Salager waseVenezuela ngo-1995. Ijolise ekwandiseni ikhonkco le-hydrophobic ye-surfactants, ngaloo ndlela iphucula intsebenziswano ye-surfactants ngeoli kunye namanzi. Olu hlobo lwe-surfactant lunezi mpawu zilandelayo: isakhono esinamandla kakhulu solubilization, i-ultra-low interfacial tension ene-oyile ezahlukeneyo (<10-2mn>