I-ALKYL MONOGLUCOSIDE

IAlkyl monoglucosides iqulethe iyunithi enye ye-D-glucose. Izakhiwo zeringi ziqhelekile kwiiyunithi ze-D-glucose. Zombini amakhonkco amahlanu kunye namathandathu amalungu abandakanya i-athomu ye-oksijini enye njengoko i-heteroatom inxulumene ne-furan okanye iinkqubo zepyran. I-Alkyl D-glucosides enamalungu amahlanu amakhonkco ke ngoko abizwa ngokuba yi-alkyl d-glucofuranosides, kwaye abo banemisesane yamalungu amathandathu, i-alkyl D-glucopyranosides.

Zonke iiyunithi ze-D-glucose zibonisa umsebenzi we-acetal one-athomu ye-carbon kuphela edityaniswe kwii-athomu ezimbini ze-oxygen. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-anomeric carbon atom okanye iziko le-anomeric. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-glycosidic bond kunye nentsalela ye-alkyl, kunye nebhondi kunye ne-athomu ye-oksijini ye-saccharide ring, ivela kwi-anomeric carbon atom. Ukuqhelaniswa ne-carbon chain, ii-athomu zekhabhoni zeeyunithi ze-D-glucose zibalwa ngokuqhubekayo (C-1 ukuya kwi-C-6) ziqala nge-athomu ye-carbon ye-anomeric. Iiathom zeoksijini zibalwa ngokwendawo yazo kwitsheyini (O-1 ukuya ku-O-6). I-athomu yekhabhoni ye-anomeric ifakwe endaweni ye-asymmetrically kwaye ngoko ke inokuthatha ulungelelwaniso olubini olwahlukileyo. Iziphumo zestereoisomers zibizwa ngokuba zii-anomers kwaye zahlulwa ngesimaphambili u-α okanye u-β. Ngokweengqungquthela ze-nomenclature i-anomers ibonisa ukuba enye yeendlela ezimbini ezinokuthi zenzeke ibhondi ye-glycosidic ikhomba ngasekunene kwiifomyula zokubonisa i-Fischer yeglucosides. Ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchaseneyo kuyinyaniso malunga ne-anomers.

Kwi-nomenclature ye-carbohydrate chemistry, igama le-alkyl monoglucoside liqulunqwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ukutyunjwa kwentsalela ye-alkyl, ukutyunjwa kwe-anomeric configuration, i-syllable "D-gluc," ukutyunjwa kwefom ye-cyclic, kunye nokongezwa kwesiphelo " ecaleni.” Ekubeni ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali kwi-saccharides ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwi-athomu ye-carbon ye-anomeric okanye i-athomu ye-oksijini yamaqela e-hydroxyl eprayimari okanye yesibini, ukucwangciswa kwee-athomu ze-asymmetrical carbon ayiguquki ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kwendawo ye-anomeric. Kule nkalo, i-nomenclature ye-alkyl glucosides iyasebenza kakhulu, kuba i-syllable "D-gluc" ye-saccharide yomzali i-D-glucose igcinwa kwimeko yeentlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokuphendula kunye nokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali kunokuchazwa ngezimamva.

Nangona i-systematic ye-nomenclature ye-saccharide inokuphuhliswa ngcono ngokweefomyula zokubonisa i-Fischer, iifomyula ze-Haworth ezinokumelwa komjikelo wekhonkco lekhabhoni zikhethwa ngokubanzi njengeefomyula zesakhiwo seesaccharides. Uqikelelo lweHaworth lunika imbonakalo engcono yendawo yesakhiwo semolekyuli yeeyunithi ze-D-glucose kwaye zikhethwa kule ngxelo. Kwiifomyula ze-Haworth, ii-athomu ze-hydrogen ezidityaniswe kwindandatho ye-saccharide zihlala zingabonakali.